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AI Investment Frenzy Continues, Cloud Providers' Capital Expenditures Surge

Institution
Jefferies
Date
20260531
Authors
Brent Thill, Julien Dumoulin-Smith, Paul Zimbardo, Jonathan Petersen
Company
Super Micro Computer, Reliance, Google Class A, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta Platforms, Oracle, CoreWeave, Alphabet, Amazon, Microsoft, Oracle
Ticker
AMD, RS, GOOGL, AMZN, MSFT, META, ORCL, CRWV
Industry
Semiconductors, Steel, AI, 5G, AR, Internet Content & Information, Software - Infrastructure, Computer Hardware, Internet, Software, Cloud Services and AI
Rating
BullishHigh confidenceMedium-termThe research report holds an optimistic view on the AI investment cycle, emphasizing demand exceeding supply and favoring the prospects of hyperscale cloud providers
AuthorsBrent Thill, Julien Dumoulin-Smith, Paul Zimbardo, Jonathan Petersen
CoverageUnited States、Other
Research firm divisions/subsidiariesJefferies LLC(Subsidiary/Legal Entity)、Jefferies Research Services, LLC(Subsidiary/Legal Entity)

AI summary card

AI Investment Frenzy Continues, Cloud Providers' Capital Expenditures Surge

Hyperscale cloud providers significantly raised capital expenditure expectations in Q1; strong AI demand accelerated cloud business growth

AI InvestmentData CentersCloud ComputingCapital ExpenditurePower Demand
  • Cloud providers total backlog orders reached $2 trillion, increasing by $376 billion quarter-over-quarter
  • 2026 Capital Expenditure Expectation Raised by $52 Billion to $770 Billion
  • Google Cloud Grows 70%, Leading the Market; AWS and Azure Also Accelerating
  • OpenAI Computing Costs Will Reach $50 Billion This Year
  • Multiple GW-Level Data Center Projects Approved for Construction

Report interpretation

Overview

This report summarizes key takeaways from analyst conference calls among hyperscale cloud providers, data centers, and the power industry in Q1. The research report shows that the AI investment frenzy continues, major cloud providers have all raised capital expenditure expectations, cloud business growth is accelerating, backlog orders hit record highs, and demand clearly exceeds supply.

Core views

Strong Demand Side Performance: Total cloud backlog orders reached approximately $2 trillion, increasing by $376 billion quarter-over-quarter, driven mainly by Google adding $225 billion and Amazon adding $120 billion. Google's backlog orders grew over 400% year-over-year, indicating sustained旺盛 AI demand. Comprehensive Acceleration of Cloud Business Growth: Google Cloud leads the market with 70% growth, accelerating 16 percentage points; AWS growth accelerates 4 percentage points to 28%; Azure grows 39% reaching guidance upper limit. All cloud providers are experiencing a strong growth cycle. Significant Uptick in Capital Expenditure: The report raises 2026 capital expenditure expectations for hyperscale cloud providers + META + ORCL by $52 billion to $770 billion, representing 74% year-over-year growth. Microsoft raised its 2026 capex guidance to $190 billion, Google raised it to $180-190 billion, and META raised it to $125-145 billion. Improved Profitability: Despite huge AI investments, cloud providers' margins generally improved. AWS operating margin expanded from 35% to 38%, Google overall operating profit margin reached 41.9%, and Google Cloud profitability nearly doubled in the past four quarters to approximately 33%.

Analysis framework

The research report adopts a multi-dimensional analysis approach, combining Q1 financial report data, management guidance, and industry dynamics to comprehensively assess the development of the AI investment cycle. By comparing backlog order growth, capital expenditure plans, market share changes, and profitability across various cloud providers, the analysis evaluates current supply-demand patterns and future trends. Focus on Supply-Demand Relationship: The report emphasizes that demand exceeding supply is the core characteristic of the current cycle; backlog order growth of 195% exceeds capital expenditure growth, proving investment return potential. Simultaneously tracking computing demands of large AI companies like OpenAI and Anthropic, as well as approval status of GW-level data center projects, to evaluate chain demand intensity.

Methodology notes

  • Industry/Industrial Analysis FrameworkSupply-demand framework

    Supply and Demand Analysis of AI Infrastructure

    The report analyzes supply-demand relationships by comparing cloud provider backlog order growth with capital expenditure growth; backlog order growth of 195% exceeds capital expenditure growth, indicating strong demand and clear investment returns

  • Industry/Industrial Analysis FrameworkVolume-price decomposition

    Cloud Business Growth Driver Analysis

    The report separately analyzes revenue growth, market share changes, and profitability improvement for each cloud provider, evaluating business performance from volume and price dimensions

  • Company Fundamentals and Financial FrameworkFree cash flow analysis

    Capital Expenditure and Investment Return Analysis

    By analyzing the relationship between significantly increased capital expenditure plans and backlog order growth of cloud providers, assessing potential for future free cash flow generation

Asset mapping & comparison

Structured mapping from thesis to named assets (strengths, weaknesses, peers, risks).

  • Amazon (AMZN)
    Benefiting from increased AI computing demand, AWS business accelerates
    Strengths
    Trainium economics brings billions in annual capex savings and hundreds of basis points margin advantage
    Comparison
    13x EBITDA valuation vs Google's 19x represents a 6x gap, offering better entry point
  • Google (GOOGL)
    Benefiting from AI demand, cloud business growth leads
    Strengths
    AI flywheel effect, strongest backlog order growth
    Weaknesses
    Valuation premium
    Comparison
    Despite valuation premium, still recommended for long-term holding
  • Microsoft (MSFT)
    Benefiting from AI transformation, Azure growth steady
    Strengths
    Diversified AI product portfolio
    Comparison
    Valuation dropped from 28x year-start to 22x NTM PE despite business acceleration

Key data

  • Total Cloud Backlog OrdersApproximately $2 TrillionQuarterly increase of $376 Billion
  • 2026 Capital Expenditure Forecast$770 BillionRaised by $52 Billion compared to prior expectation, up 74% YoY
  • Google Cloud Growth70%Accelerated 16 percentage points, largest market share growth
  • AWS Operating Margin38%Expanded from 35%, reflecting efficiency flywheel of AI, fulfillment, and utilization
  • OpenAI Computing Costs$50 BillionExpected spending in 2026

Impact & implications

The research report believes the AI investment cycle is still at an early stage; hyperscale cloud providers' capital expenditure growth will continue through 2027, expecting capex to reach approximately $1.2 trillion by then. Strong backlog order growth provides clear visibility for future revenue conversion; investments by cloud providers in AI infrastructure will support long-term growth. Power demand surges accordingly, multiple GW-level data center projects approved, driving related chain development.

Zhejiang ICP No. 2022035445-5
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